The part of the solar atmosphere that produces the light we see is called the photosphere. The solar atmosphere above that is cooler than the photosphere, so it creates an absorption spectra. This is useful because we can use it to identify what atoms or molecules are in the upper atmosphere of the sun, and of course that helps tell us what the sun is made of.
Aether or…
After the Michelson-Morley experiment, several theorists tried to explain the results by supposing that Earth dragged the aether along with it, or imposed other conditions to explain our inability to observe the aether. But then Einstein proposed special relativity, which eliminated the need for aether altogether.